exclaim的形容词(女孩们的公主情结 | 外刊精读)

本文选自《新闻周刊》（Newsweek）上的一篇文章，原文标题为《迪斯尼公主与女儿心灵保卫战》（Disney Princesses and the Battle for Your Daughter’s Soul）,属于文化教育类题材。

佩吉·奥伦斯坦是美国的一位两性教育作家，写过不少关于女孩成长的书在《灰姑娘吃掉了我女儿》这本书里，她谈到了女孩们的公主情结什么是公主情结？公主情结对女孩们的成长有什么影响？这种情结背后产生的原因是什么呢?。

带着这三个问题开始我们今天的精读吧外刊原文When it comes to raising girls, today’s moms have plenty to worry about: self-image, depression, eating disorders, and, of course, a culture that teaches women that their worth is as much about their beauty as it is about their smarts. Peggy Orenstein knows this all too well: she’s written about girls for years as a critic.。

In her new book, Cinderella Ate My Daughter, Orenstein documents her struggle to do just that: raise a daughter who is happy and self-confident in a world that encourages little girls to engulf their rooms in pink chiffon and rhinestone tiaras. Yes, she’s talking about the princess complex—the little-girl love affair that starts with Cinderella and ends with sheets, toothbrushes, cups, tiaras, home decorations, mini wedding gowns and numerous other products. And the ultra-feminine messages that come along with it.

This princess mania, she argues, leaves girls all mixed up: while they excel in school and surpass their male peers in science and math, they are also obsessed by Prince Charming and who has the prettiest dress, learning—from a mix of mass marketing and media—not that girls are strong, smart, or creative, but that each is a little princess of her own, judged by the beauty of her face (and clothes). Just think about the fairy tales themselves:

Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White—all pitted against evil, ugly old women, waiting for the prince they’ve never met to fall for their beauty (not smarts) and rescue them from misery.

Orenstein has once headed to the front lines of this girl culture herself—Disney, whose princess line of merchandise has become the largest exclusive products on the planet for girls ages 2 to 6. Therefore, she concludes, there is one very big thing that separates her daughter’s generation from those who came before her—and it’s called mass marketing. Disney alone has 26, 000 Disney princess items on the market today. “What these companies will tell you is that girls want this, so they give it to them,” says Orenstein. But for girls who don’t want to play with pink princess toys, there’s virtually no other option.

外刊精读第一段[句1] When it comes to raising girls, today’s moms have plenty to worry about: self-image, depression, eating disorders, and, of course, a culture that teaches women that their worth is as much about their beauty as it is about their smarts.

[译文] 如今的妈妈们一谈到抚养女孩,就有一大堆事儿要操心：要她们注意自我形象，怕女儿抑郁、患饮食紊乱症,当然了，还警惕一种文化，这种文化教导女性，美貌和智慧并重才有价值[结构] 本句是复合句，句子主干为today’s moms have plenty to worry about，when引导时间状语从句，when it comes to意为“当谈及…时”，冒号后面的内容对plenty进行补充说明，that teaches women是定语从句，修饰culture，后面的that引导宾语从句，作teaches的宾语。

该宾语从句中包含一个as…as…引导的比较状语从句[单词]raise动词，常用含义是“提高，增加”，比如：raise prices提高价格本句中raise是“抚养”的意思，to care for a child or young animal until it is able to take care of itself，养育孩子的过程也是孩子成长的过程：年龄、身高、体重的增加，心智的提高。

真题考过：raise a kid抚养孩子raise还表示“导致，引起”，to cause or produce sth.,比如，2012年真题考过：A string of accidents…raised serious questions about XX. 一系列事件引发了对XX的严重质疑。

以后写作中想表达“引起问题”，不要只用cause了，raise也是一个不错的选择，显得更高级地道另外，raise还可以作名词表示“加薪”，这层含义真题也考过：negotiate for a raise协商加薪。

在记忆一个新含义时，一定要学会把新含义和基本含义结合起来，联想它和基本义之间的共同之处，这样经过加工后的理解才能长久地保存在人的“长时记忆”中self-image名词，意为“自我形象”image名词，常用含义是“图像，影像”，它还有“形象”的意思，the impression that a person, an organization or a product, etc. gives to the public。

真题考过：fashion image时尚形象；image upgrade形象提升depression名词，意为“抑郁症”2008真题也考过：Women are particularly susceptible to developing 。

depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.同男性相比，女性在应对压力时特别容易患抑郁症和焦虑症（注意，患抑郁症的“患”用的动词是develop）。

depression还有“经济萧条”的意思，这层意思也是必须掌握的，英语考试中常见同表“经济衰退”，depression的程度比recession更胜一筹recession强调衰退过程，而depression侧重衰退过后经济不景气的萧条局面。

当然更为书面的定义是GDP连续两个季度出现负增长称为recession，而该年GDP较前一年萎缩10%以上则称为depressioneating disorder名词短语，意为“饮食紊乱”，dis-否定前缀，order表“顺序；秩序”，所以，disorder表示“混乱，杂乱”这种失去秩序的状态，比如：房间凌乱不堪The room was in a state of disorder.   

同理，人群失去秩序就是“骚乱”，身心失去秩序就是“紊乱”真题考过：personality disorders性格缺陷smart本句中是作名词，常用复数smarts表示intelligence“才智”，名词的用法了解一下即可，常用的还是它的形容词词性。

[句2] Peggy Orenstein knows this all too well: she’s written about girls for years as a critic.[译文] 佩姬·奥伦斯坦太了解这种忧虑了：她是一个评论家，女孩儿是她多年来一直未变的写作主题。

[结构] 本句是冒号连接的并列句，后面分句是对前面分句的补充说明[单词]critic名词，意为“批评家；批评者”，是翻译成批评家还是批评者，当然要结合语境来看，比如本句中就是“批评家，评论家”，是指各种乐评家、影评家、书评家等，真题考过：a sober-sided classical-music critic一位以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。

当它表示“批评者”的时候，是指对某人或体制公开表达批评意见的人critic的各种派生词也是考试必考的：critical形容词，意为“批评的；挑剔的”，criticism名词，意为“批评；评论文章”；criticize动词，意为“批评；评论”。

第二段[句1] In her new book, Cinderella Ate My Daughter, Orenstein documents her struggle to do just that: raise a daughter who is happy and self-confident in a world that encourages little girls to engulf their rooms in pink chiffon and rhinestone tiaras.

[译文] 在她的新书《灰姑娘吃了我女儿》中,奥伦斯坦记录了她所努力做的事情：让女儿在当今社会里成长为快乐自信之人，这个社会鼓动小女孩们把自己房间塞得到处是粉红雪纺绸和王冠头饰[结构] 本句是复合句，句子主干为Orenstein documents her struggle to do just that…。

Cinderella Ate My Daughter是book的同位语冒号后面的内容作插入语，补充说明主句，who引导定语从句，修饰daughter，that引导定语从句，修饰world[单词]document。

常用的是名词含义“文件；文档”，这里是作动词，意为“记录”，to record the details of sth.，动词用法真题也考过，需要掌握另外，它的派生词documentary意为“纪录片”engulf

动词，词根gulf是名词，意为“海湾”，比如：the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾en-（使进入）前缀常加在名词和形容词前面，构成及物动词海湾是三面环陆、一面朝海的海洋区域，通常呈U形，所以，engulf字面意思是使进入海湾，引申为“吞没，包围”。

chiffon名词，意为“雪纺绸”，女生穿的雪纺衫就是chiffon blouserhinestone名词，意为“莱茵石（假钻石）”tiara名词，意为“冠状头饰”奥黛丽·赫本的这张照片展示了什么是tiara。

[句2] Yes, she’s talking about the princess complex—the little-girl love affair that starts with Cinderella and ends with sheets, toothbrushes, cups, tiaras, home decorations, mini wedding gowns and numerous other products.

[译文] 没错, 她谈的是公主情结，这种情结是指小女孩对（公主风）东西的强烈兴趣：一开始是听听灰姑娘的故事，然后一发不可收拾，陷于各种床单、牙刷、杯子、王冠头饰、家饰、迷你结婚礼服和数不清的其他物品[结构] 本句是复合句，主干为she’s talking about the princess complex…，破折号后面内容解释说明the princess complex。

that引导定语从句，修饰love affair[单词]princess complex名词短语，意为“公主情结”，根据Urban Dictionary的解释，princess complex是包含一种贬抑色彩在里面的，更像是现在的“公主病”。

Complex常见的是形容词用法“复杂的，综合的”，这里complex是名词，表示“不正常的精神状态；情结”，比如：Oedipus complex恋母情结真题还考过complex的另一层名词含义“建筑群”：hundreds of simpler apartment complexes上百处普通人的住宅建筑群。

love affair名词短语，意为“强烈的兴趣”sheet名词，常见的含义“一张纸”，比如：a blank sheet一张白纸它还有“床单”的意思，基本含义就是指一大片的薄状物decoration名词，意为“装饰品”，是从动词decorate“装饰，装潢”转化而来。

wedding gown名词短语，意为“结婚礼服”，gown名词，是指女生特别场合穿的那种长裙，比如：晚礼服the evening gownnumerous形容词，相当于many，意为“许多的”，词根numer同number。

[句3] And the ultra-feminine messages that come along with it.[译文] 大量极端女性化的信息也随之而来[单词]ultra-feminine形容词，意为“极端女性化的”，ultra相当于extreme。

真题考过：ultra-thin“超瘦的，极瘦的”feminine形容词，意为“女性的”第三段[句1] This princess mania, she argues, leaves girls all mixed up: while they excel in school and surpass their male peers in science and math, they are also obsessed by Prince Charming and who has the prettiest dress, learning—from a mix of mass marketing and media—not that girls are strong, smart, or creative, but that each is a little princess of her own, judged by the beauty of her face (and clothes).

[译文] 她认为, 这种公主狂热症会把女孩们搞糊涂：尽管她们在学校表现突出,在科学和数学上遥遥领先于同龄男生,但是她们又痴迷于白马王子的童话，满脑子都在想谁的裙子最漂亮,她们从大众营销和传媒那儿学到的不是女孩的坚强、聪明和创新,而是每个人都是小公主,而判断小公主的标准则是她的脸蛋（和衣服）是否漂亮。

[结构] 本句为冒号连接的并列句，后一分句是对前面分句的补充说明第一分句的主干为This princess mania…leaves girls all mixed up，she argues为插入语第二个分句的主干为they are also obsessed …，while引导让步状语从句；who引导宾语从句，该宾语从句与前面的Prince Charming并列，都作介词by的宾语；learning…现在分词短语作伴随状语，两个破折号之间的部分为插入语；not that...but that...引导的表并列关系的宾语从句，作learning的宾语。

[单词]mania名词，英文释义为an extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for sth, often shared by a lot of people at the same time，意为“狂热，极大的热情”。

mania强调极端的兴趣和狂热，如果你把自家汪星人的皮毛染成了自己喜欢的球队的颜色，那么就可以说，你是一个sports mania（体育迷）这个单词还在真题的猜词题中出现过，让你根据语境推测mania的含义是什么。

遇到猜词题，一定要结合上下文来做，不要凭语感、凭常识，所有的题目必须回到原文出处进行推敲作答mix up动词短语，意为“混淆；弄乱”excel最常见的就是excel表格了，excel是动词，意为“擅长”，EXCEL table是想表达“表格处理软件中最好的”。

excel后面常接介词at或in，表示在某方面擅长、突出真题考过它的形容词excellent“优秀的”和名词excellence“优秀，卓越”surpass动词，前缀sur-表“超过”，pass“经过”，surpass意为“胜过，超过”。

真题考过unsurpassed“无可比拟的”，surpassed被超过的，加否定前缀un-就是不能被超过的，“无可比拟的”：The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with

unsurpassed might. 这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以无比的威力进入正在崛起的国家peer前面讲过好多次了，这个单词是考研核心词这里的peer是“同龄人”obsess动词，ob-表“在…上”，词根sess同sit“坐”，字面意思是坐上去，传说中是指鬼神附体着魔，引申为“使痴迷”。

看这样一个真题例句：In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already

obsessed with it. 换句话说，如果你打算做一份纸质产品，那么应该专门为那些醉心于纸质的人打造mass marketing名词短语，意为“大众营销”[句2] Just think about the fairy tales themselves: 。

Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White—all pitted against evil, ugly old women, waiting for the prince they’ve never met to fall for their beauty (not smarts) and rescue them from misery.

[译文] 想想那些童话本身吧：《灰姑娘》《睡美人》和《白雪公主》——个个都要经受邪恶、丑陋的老女人的考验，等着素未谋面的白马王子为她们的美貌所倾倒（而非智慧），然后把她们从苦海中拯救出来[单词]fairy tale。

名词短语，意为“童话故事”pit against sth.动词短语，to test sb or their strength, intelligence, etc. in a struggle or contest against sb/sth else，意为“使竞争，使经受考验”。

evil形容词，意为“恶毒的，邪恶的；恶魔的”，关于这个单词，单词书常见的联想法：反着活（live）就是evil（罪恶的）fall for sb.意为“爱上某人”，为之倾倒（fall）misery名词，意为“痛苦，悲惨”，它的形容词是miserable“痛苦的，非常难受的”。

第四段[句1] Therefore, she concludes, there is one very big thing that separates her daughter’s generation from those who came before her—and it’s called mass marketing.

[译文] 因此她总结道，有一个极重要的东西让她女儿这代人和上一辈之间有了隔阂，这个东西叫做大众营销[结构] 本句是复合句，句子主干为there is one very big thing，she concludes为插入语，that引导定语从句，修饰thing，who引导定语从句，修饰those，破折号后面的内容对one very big thing进行解释说明。

[句2] Disney alone has 26, 000 Disney princess items on the market today.[译文] 当今市场上，迪斯尼独自拥有26 000个迪斯尼公主系列产品。

[单词]item名词，意为“一件商品（或物品）”[句3] “What these companies will tell you is that girls want this, so they give it to them,” says Orenstein.。

[译文] “这些公司传递给你的是,它们制造这些东西，是顺应女孩儿们的需求，”奥伦斯坦说道[结构] 本句是复合句，主干为says Orenstein，直接引语的内容可视为says的宾语从句，该宾语从句是so连接的并列句，第一个分句中，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。

[句4] But for girls who don’t want to play with pink princess toys, there’s virtually no other option.

[译文] 但是,对那些不想玩粉色公主玩具的女孩子来说,她们几乎没得选[结构] 本句是复合句，句子主干为there be句型，for girls…作状语，who引导定语从句，修饰girls[单词]virtually。

副词，意为“几乎，基本上”，英文释义为almost or nearly真题考过：Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. 不幸的是，这些评论家们几乎已被忘却了。

以上四段就是本次精读的内容啦。今天就精读到这儿了，感谢阅读！如果你觉得有所收获，点个在看或赞支持一下我吧。谢谢！

亲爱的读者们，感谢您花时间阅读本文。如果您对本文有任何疑问或建议，请随时联系我。我非常乐意与您交流。